Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and painless test that measures
your oxygen saturation level, or the oxygen levels in your blood. It can
rapidly detect even small changes in how efficiently oxygen is being
carried to the extremities furthest from the heart, including the legs
and the arms.
The pulse oximeter is a small, clip-like device that attaches to a
body part, like toes or an
earlobe. It’s most commonly put on a finger, and it’s often used in a critical care setting like emergency rooms or hospitals. Some doctors, such as pulmonologists, may use it in office.
earlobe. It’s most commonly put on a finger, and it’s often used in a critical care setting like emergency rooms or hospitals. Some doctors, such as pulmonologists, may use it in office.
Purpose and uses
Purpose and uses
The purpose of pulse oximetry is to check how well your heart is pumping oxygen through your body.
It may be used to monitor the health of individuals with any type of condition that can affect blood oxygen levels, especially while they’re in the hospital. These conditions include:
It may be used to monitor the health of individuals with any type of condition that can affect blood oxygen levels, especially while they’re in the hospital. These conditions include:
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- asthma
- pneumonia
- lung cancer
- anemia
- heart attack or heart failure
- congenital heart defects
- to assess how well a new lung medication is working
- to evaluate whether someone needs help breathing
- to evaluate how helpful a ventilator is
- to monitor oxygen levels during or after surgical procedures that require sedation
- to determine how effective supplemental oxygen therapy is, especially when treatment is new
- to assess someone’s ability to tolerate increased physical activity
- to evaluate whether someone momentarily stops breathing while sleeping — like in cases of sleep apnea — during a sleep study
How it works
How it works
During a pulse oximetry reading, a small clamp-like device is
placed on a finger, earlobe, or toe. Small beams of light pass through
the blood in the finger, measuring the amount of oxygen. It does this by
measuring changes of light absorption in oxygenated or deoxygenated
blood. This is a painless process.
The pulse oximeter will thus be able to tell you your oxygen saturation levels along with your heart rate.
The pulse oximeter will thus be able to tell you your oxygen saturation levels along with your heart rate.
Procedure steps
Pulse oximetry may be used in both inpatient and outpatient
settings. In some cases, your doctor may recommend that you have a pulse
oximeter for home use.
The pulse oximetry process is as follows:
The pulse oximetry process is as follows:
- Most commonly, a clip-like device will be placed on your finger, earlobe, or toe. You may feel a small amount of pressure, but there is no pain or pinching. In some cases, a small probe may be placed on your finger or forehead with a sticky adhesive. You may be asked to remove your fingernail polish if it’s being attached to a finger.
- You’ll keep the probe on for as long as needed to monitor your pulse and oxygen saturation. When monitoring physical activity capabilities, this will be during the extent of the exercise and during the recovery period. During surgery, the probe will be attached beforehand and removed once you’re awake and no longer under supervision. Sometimes, it will only be used to take a single reading very quickly.
- Once the test is over, the clip or probe will be removed.
Readings
Pulse oximetry readings
Pulse oximetry is typically a fairly accurate test. This is
especially true when using high-quality equipment found in most medical
offices or hospital settings. It consistently provides results within a
2-percent difference either way of what it truly is. If your reading was
82 percent, for example, your true oxygen saturation level may be
anywhere from 80 to 84 percent. However, the quality of the waveform and
assessment of the individual must be considered. Factors such as
movement, temperature, or nail polish can impact the accuracy.
Typically, more than 89 percent of your blood should be carrying oxygen. This is the oxygen saturation level needed to keep your cells — and your body — healthy. While having an oxygen saturation below this temporarily is not believed to cause damage, repeat or consistent instances of lowered oxygen saturation levels may be damaging.
An oxygen saturation level of 95 percent is considered normal for most healthy individuals. A level of 92 percent indicates potential hypoxemia, or deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues in the body.
Typically, more than 89 percent of your blood should be carrying oxygen. This is the oxygen saturation level needed to keep your cells — and your body — healthy. While having an oxygen saturation below this temporarily is not believed to cause damage, repeat or consistent instances of lowered oxygen saturation levels may be damaging.
An oxygen saturation level of 95 percent is considered normal for most healthy individuals. A level of 92 percent indicates potential hypoxemia, or deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues in the body.
What’s next?
What’s next?
Once the test is over, your care provider will have the readings
available immediately. This will help them determine if other testing or
treatment is necessary. If you’re evaluating how successful your oxygen
supplementation therapy is, for example, a reading that’s still on the
low side might indicate the need for more oxygen.
Your healthcare provider will be able to tell you what the next steps are. If you’re using pulse oximetry at home, they’ll let you know how often to take your readings and what to do if they go above or below certain levels.
Your healthcare provider will be able to tell you what the next steps are. If you’re using pulse oximetry at home, they’ll let you know how often to take your readings and what to do if they go above or below certain levels.
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